Who is the mysterious man in the bar at the folies-bergère
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E. Manet, Portrait of Emile Zola, 1868. |
Edouard Manet can be seen as an artist participating in two separate worlds: Realism and Impressionism. Many scholars dscribed his style as Naturalist because of his study of reality and expression of it without any remake at all.
He travelled to Spain and was touched by its way of life, habitudes, folklorism and the world of bullfighters and young girls. There, he could learn from works of painters as important as Velázquez and Goya, who absolutely influenced his work.
Manet is a painter of modern life, who represents the model of artist asked by Baudelaire. The truth is that his works caused scandals well known in History of Art, but our artist never tried to be a radical one as Courbet was. The fact was that the world was not prepared to assimilate an art full of truth like his; a painting in wich life was represented as it is, without ornaments nor metaphor. At 1863 he showed his Breakfas In 1874, a group of artists called the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc. organized an exhibition in Paris that launched the movement called Impressionism. Its founding members included Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, and Camille Pissarro, among others. The group was unified only by its independence from the official annual Salon, for which a jury of artists from the Académie des Beaux-Arts selected artworks and awarded medals. The independent artists, despite their diverse approaches to painting, appeared to contemporaries as a group. While conservative critics panned their work for its unfinished, sketchlike appearance, more progressive writers praised it for its depiction of modern life. Edmond Duranty, for example, in his 1876 essay La Nouvelle Peinture (The New Painting), wrote of their depiction of contemporary subject matter in a suitably innovative style as a revolution in painting. The exhibiting collective avoided choosing a title that would imply a unified movement or school, although some of them subsequently adopted the name by which they would e The complete Paintings of Manet, Phoebe Pool, Sandra Orienti, 1985, Abb. S. Taf. 39, Abb.-Nr. , Kat.-Nr. 229 Eva und die Zukunft. Das Bild der Frau seit der Französischen Revolution, Herausgeber: Werner Hofmann; Hamburger Kunsthalle, 1986, S. 189-191, Abb. S. 108, Abb.-Nr. , Kat.-Nr. 108 Der häßliche Eros. Darstellung zur Prostitution in der Malerei und Grafik. 1855-1930, Rita E. Täuber, 1997, S. 25-28, Abb. S. Taf. II, Abb.-Nr. , Kat.-Nr. II Private Schätze. Über das Sammeln von Kunst in Hamburg bis 1933, Herausgeber: Ulrich Luckhardt, Uwe M. Schneede; Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2001, Abb. S. S. 93, Abb.-Nr. , Kat.-Nr. 97 Gender Issues in Impressionism. A Comparative Essay, Julia Gardner, Hollis Clayson und Robert Herbert, 1995, S. 31, Abb. S. S. 28, Abb.-Nr. Führer durch die Hamburger Kunsthalle, Herausgeber: Alfred Hentzen, 1962, S. 27, Abb. S. Taf. 53, Abb.-Nr. Manet. Sehen. Der Blick der Moderne, Michael Diers, André Dombrowski, Hubertus Gaßner, Dorothee Hansen, Viola Hildebrand-Schat, Joachim Kaak, Matthias Krüger, Michael Lüthy u. a.; Herausgeber: Hubert
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