Al-biruni full name
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TEHRAN – September 4 is named on the Iranian calendar as the national day to honor Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni, one of the greatest scholars of the Islamic era who was well-versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences.
Born in the 10th century in Iran’s Khorasan, Al-Biruni was also an ethnographer, anthropologist, historian, and geographer. He became the most original polymath the Islamic world had ever known.
Little is known of the early life of the Iranian scholar and polymath Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni; however, as the name suggests he was born in Beruniy, a small city in Uzbekistan in Western Central Asia which was part of Iran in the past.
Historically, Beruniy was known as Kath and served as the capital of Khwarazm. It is located on the northern bank of the Amu Darya near Uzbekistan's border with Turkmenistan.
Khwarazm is a large oasis region that was the center of the Iranian Khwarazmian civilization, and a series of kingdoms such as the Khwarazmian dynasty and the Afrighid dynasty.
Today Khwarazm belongs partly to Uzbekistan and partly to Turkmenistan.
In 1957,
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Who Was Biruni?
Abu Reyhan Muhammad bin Ahmed al-Biruni was born in 973 in Khwarezm, today's Uzbekistan. He received his first education in science from Abu Nasr Mansur, a member of the ruling family of the region. Abu Nasr Mansur was an outstanding mathematician and astronomer. He taught al-Biruni Euclidean geometry and Ptolemaic astronomy. Mahmoud of Ghazni, an important 11th century Muslim ruler, took Al-Biruni with him on his travels to India. Al-Biruni lived in India between 1017-1030 and wrote his famous book Kitab Ul-Tahkik Ma li'l-Hind. Influenced by the works of Greek philosophers Aristotle, Archimedes and Democritus, El- Biruni started his scientific studies at the age of 17. He calculated the height of the sun and the longitude of the city. From the movements of the sun, he determined when the seasons began. He found the diameter of the earth very close to today's value. He became the founder of the science of geodesy. He argued that trigonometry, which he learned in India, should be seen as a separate science from astronomy. He advised radius to be used as a unit in
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Al-Biruni (Al-Beruni) is known for his works on multiple fields. Apart from mathematics, he knew about planets and stars, languages, geography, cultures, and history. Besides, he was a keen traveler, therefore, he visited India and worked on its languages, religion, and people. His time is known as the Golden Age of Islam. A famous Muslim scientist Avicenna (Ibn Sina) also lived in his time. Al-Biruni died at Gazni, in Afghanistan.
Biography – Life Span
Al-Biruni was born on 5th September 973 CE at Khwarazm in Uzbekistan, and his full name was “Abu Rayhan Muhammad Ibn Ahmed Al-Biruni“. The information on Al-Biruni’s early life is rare. Since he spent the first twenty-five years of his life in studies like logic, Islamic laws, philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy – the study of Stars and planets. Because of his intelligence, rulers of his time would keep him in their company.
By the age of 22 in the year 995, he left his homeland and went to Bukhara. This city was then the center of knowledge in the world. He stayed there for around three years to get an education. He came i
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